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1991-11-01
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MicroCAD 1.0 - Miscellaneous Notes and Hints (November 1991)
------------------------------------------------------------
The following is a supplement to the standard program instructions.
This supplement is intended for persons familiar with the program
operation. For full instructions, refer to MICROCAD.DOC.
Quadruple Overlap
-----------------
In both mix-mode and overlay-mode, the combination of all four colors
will always be white. This is because the corresponding palette
register must be reserved for the mouse cursor. If the background is
white, this combination (and the mouse cursor) will always be black.
Product Info Click
------------------
If the product info is being displayed and another icon is clicked, the
selected function might not be performed. This is because the mouse
button might have been released faster than the current diagram could be
redrawn. Just click again.
Simultaneous Color Variations
-----------------------------
Multiple color variations from the same color-variation screen may not
be used simultaneously. This is because the selected color variation
redefines the standard color through which it was accessed. This can be
seen if the 64 standard colors are re-displayed. In order to select
another color variation from the same screen, even from a different
color icon, it is necessary to access it through the same standard color
again. If this is done, the result will be two icons with the same
color variation. Simultaneous color variations from different screens
are never a problem.
Overlap Color Variations
------------------------
In addition to redefining the four primary color icons, the twelve
colors which result from overlaps in color-mix mode can also be
varied. Observe the color which results from an overlap, then
click on any color icon with the right button. Locate the standard
color which is the same as the overlap color, and click on the left
button. Click on the desired variation with the left button. Then
click on the color icon again with the right button, and restore it
to normal by clicking on the original color with the right button.
The icon will now be restored, but the overlap color will remain as
changed.
Very Large Objects
------------------
The most common 'beep' error condition results from drawing very large
objects. The difference between the maximum zoom-in and zoom-out is
1:1024. This means that a full-screen object drawn at maximum zoom-out
will be as tall as a 6-story building at maximum zoom-in. The program
will faithfully draw the portion of each object which might still cross
the screen at such magnifications, but will occasionally encounter
difficulty (or perceptible slowness) in doing so.
Window Find
-----------
The on-screen find function will respond successfully to an object
pointed to in an view window. This is sometimes useful to select an
object which is outside the main window, but still visible in one of the
view windows. It is also helpful if the object is in front of or behind
other objects in the main window, but can be seen distinctly from the
top or side.
Horizontal Find
---------------
When using the on-screen find function, it is easier to grab a vertical
line than a horizontal line. This is because the cursor must be on
exactly the same row as the object, but only needs to be in the same
byte (eight columns) horizontally.
Rotated Draw
------------
Drawing or moving objects while the diagram has been moved up, down
or sideways works perfectly. Drawing or moving objects while the entire
diagram has been rotated, however, can be confusing. Moving an object
in this mode can be done successfully, but drawing an object is very
difficult. This is because the mouse has not been rotated. Objects
will be drawn in conformance with the mouse location, but will appear
elsewhere on the screen. The best solution is just to restore the
diagram to normal view before attempting modifications.
3D Box
------
Drawing a 3D box is more complex than it seems when this feature is first
used. This is because the box has three dimensions, while the mouse can
only communicate two. The program solves this by always creating a 3D
box with a square base. That is, with the same depth as width. In
order to change this, the 're-size object' function may be used. This
allows the box to be altered in width without changing the depth. This
can be seen more clearly by viewing the box in the 'top' window.
Re-Size Object
--------------
The 're-size object' function is a very powerful tool for modifying
diagrams. Because the end-point controls the length, size, angle,
and shape of every object, as much control can be exercised as when
the object was originally created. If, for example, a line is drawn
which does not exactly reach the desired point on the diagram (or that
point has changed), it can be repaired without redrawing it.
Because the re-size object function is on the same icon as the move
function, it is possible to rework an object by alternating between the
left (move) and right (re-size) buttons until the object is in exactly
the desired shape and location. Care should be exercised when modifying
a circle, because if it is only one pixel out-of-square it will become
an ellipse. On a 386 PC, this will cause the fill to disappear. The
fill will reappear as soon as the object is 'squared up'.
Circle and Ellipse Algorithms
-----------------------------
Ellipses are drawn with a dot algorithm which places one dot on every
degree of circumference of the ellipse. This results in a satisfactory
3D appearance, because the dots will be denser at the sides. They also
appear closer together at the far edge than the near edge in an ellipse
which results from a rotated circle at maximum perspective. The dot
algorithm can be slow, however, if diagram rotations and view windows are
used. These require extensive computation for each dot.
Circles, which are perfectly 'square' ellipses with no rotations, are
drawn with the same dot algorithm, except on 386 PC's, where a solid line
algorithm is used. The solid line algorithm allows circles up to one
half mile in circumference to be drawn with accuracy, but requires 32-bit
arithmetic. The solid line algorithm also results in a more satisfactory
appearance in two-dimensional and zoomed-in diagrams. The solid line
algorithm is usually much faster than the dot algorithm, especially if
the view windows are on. It can slow down, however, if the circle is
very large. The algorithm in use can be ascertained by inspecting the
semi-circle icon. If it appears as a curve, the dot algorithm is being
used. If it appears as a solid half-circle, the line algorithm is being
used.
Diagram Deletion
----------------
There is no way to delete a diagram. This is because every effort has
been made to safeguard against accidental loss of creative work. All
'erasures' are permanently saved, and all changes are saved automatically
without the need to answer prompts correctly. Also, effort has been made
to shield the user from PC concepts such as files and file management.
For the experienced user, one alternative is to periodically rename or
archive MICROCAD.CAT. This will cause a new portfolio to be created.
By swapping names, the old portfolio can be reinstated at any time.
Note that the portfolio will quickly consume disk space if hundreds of
diagrams are created. The format, however, often compresses to as little
as 2% when archived.
Program Speed
-------------
The program is designed to be very fast. On a 16-MHz PC, the program
is capable of drawing several entire diagrams per second. The actual
speed depends, of course, on the complexity of the diagram. Ellipses
which result from rotated circles will slow the program dramatically.
Ordinary lines, rectangles, solid-line circles of normal size, and
all filled and pattern-filled areas should draw in a few milliseconds.
The actual speed will depend as much on the speed of the video memory
in the video adapter as on the rated speed of the processor.